On the Energy Problem in General Relativity

The Energy Problem (EP) in General Relativity (GR) is analyzed in the context of GR’s axiomatic inconsistencies. EP is classified according to its local and global aspects. The local aspects of the EP include noncovariance of the energy-momentum pseudotensor (EMPT) of the gravitational field, non-uniqueness of the EMPT, asymmetry of EMPT and vanishing metric energy-momentum tensor. The global aspect of the EP relates to the lack of integral conservation laws due to the general difficulties in defining invariant integrals of tensors in nonEuclidean space. These difficulties are related to the lack of precise definition of a reference frame in the GR. A reference frame is defined here as a differential manifold with an affine connection. The resulting unique decomposition of the Levi-Civita connection into its affine and nonmetric parts allows for a covariant definition of the gravitational energy-momentum tensor. It is pointed out that the invariance of the Lagrangian (or action functional) is a necessary but not sufficient condition to secure the covariance of the Lagrange-Euler field theory. A rigorous definition of the Lagrange Field Structure (LFS) on differential manifolds is proposed. A covariant generalization of the first Noether theorem for LFS is obtained. Different approaches to the EP are discussed. Published in “10th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation”, Padova 4-9 July 1983, Contributed Papers, Ed.: B. Bertotti, F. de Felice, A. Pascolini. Vol.1, p. 609. Current address: General Patent Corporation, Montebello Park, 75 Montebello Road, Suffern, NY 10901-3740 USA. E-mail: [email protected].